PGT-M in Thailand: How It Works and What to Expect

PGT-M (preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders) is a technique used during IVF to identify embryos that carry a specific single-gene disorder, such as cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, or Huntington’s disease. If you are considering PGT-M in Thailand, this guide explains the typical process, what to expect, and how to prepare. It is important to understand that PGT-M is not a guarantee of a healthy baby, and it is not suitable for every situation. Always discuss your specific case with a qualified fertility specialist and genetic counselor.

What is PGT-M?

PGT-M is a genetic test performed on embryos created through IVF. It looks for a specific genetic mutation that you or your partner may carry. The goal is to identify embryos that do not have that particular mutation, so that only those embryos are considered for transfer. This can reduce the chance of passing on the disorder to your child.

PGT-M is different from PGT-A (aneuploidy screening), which checks for the correct number of chromosomes, and PGT-SR (structural rearrangements), which looks for chromosomal rearrangements. PGT-M is specifically for single-gene disorders.

How PGT-M Works: Step-by-Step

The process of PGT-M involves several steps, from initial consultation to embryo transfer. Here is a general outline:

1. Initial consultation and genetic counseling: You will meet with a fertility specialist and a genetic counselor to review your medical history, discuss the genetic condition, and determine if PGT-M is appropriate.
2. Carrier testing and family studies: To design a PGT-M test, the clinic needs to know the exact genetic mutation. This may require blood or saliva samples from you, your partner, and sometimes other family members to establish a genetic link.
3. IVF cycle: You will undergo ovarian stimulation, egg retrieval, and fertilization in the laboratory to create embryos.
4. Embryo biopsy: A few days after fertilization, a small number of cells are removed from each embryo. This is usually done on day 5 or day 6 when the embryo has reached the blastocyst stage.
5. Genetic analysis: The biopsied cells are sent to a genetics laboratory for analysis. The lab will test for the specific mutation and may also perform PGT-A to check chromosome number.
6. Embryo transfer: Once results are available, you and your doctor will discuss which embryos are suitable for transfer. A frozen embryo transfer is often performed in a later cycle.

What to Prepare Before Starting PGT-M

Before you begin, there are several things to consider and prepare:

• Genetic confirmation: Ensure that the genetic condition in your family has been confirmed by a genetic test. You will need to provide the specific mutation details.
• Medical records: Gather your medical history, including any previous fertility treatments, genetic test results, and relevant family history.
• Legal and ethical considerations: Understand the legal framework for PGT-M in Thailand and your home country. Some countries have restrictions on embryo testing or disposal.
• Costs: PGT-M adds to the cost of IVF. Ask for a detailed breakdown of fees, including genetic testing, biopsy, and storage.
• Time: The entire process, from consultation to embryo transfer, can take several months. Plan accordingly.

What to Expect During the Process

During the IVF cycle, you will undergo standard procedures such as hormone injections, ultrasound monitoring, and egg retrieval. The embryo biopsy is a delicate procedure, but it is performed by experienced embryologists. After the biopsy, embryos are frozen while you wait for the genetic results.

The genetic analysis can take several weeks. During this time, you may feel anxious. It is helpful to have a support system and to ask your clinic about their communication process for results.

Limitations and Considerations

PGT-M is not a guarantee of a successful pregnancy or a healthy baby. There are several limitations to be aware of:

• Test accuracy: While PGT-M is highly accurate, there is a small risk of misdiagnosis. Confirmatory prenatal testing is often recommended.
• Embryo damage: The biopsy procedure carries a small risk of damaging the embryo, though this is rare.
• No embryos suitable: It is possible that none of the embryos will be free of the genetic condition, or that embryos may not survive the biopsy and freezing process.
• Not a substitute for prenatal care: PGT-M does not eliminate the need for prenatal screening or testing during pregnancy.

Questions to Ask Your Clinic

When considering PGT-M in Thailand, ask your clinic the following questions:

• What is your experience with PGT-M for my specific genetic condition?
• How many embryos are typically biopsied, and what is your success rate for embryo survival after biopsy?
• How long does the genetic analysis take, and how will I receive the results?
• What is the cost of PGT-M, and what does it include?
• Do you have a genetic counselor on staff?
• What are the legal and ethical guidelines for PGT-M in Thailand?

Next Steps

If you are considering PGT-M in Thailand, start by researching fertility clinics that offer this service. Schedule a consultation to discuss your specific situation. Bring your genetic test results and any relevant medical records. Ask about the clinic’s experience with PGT-M and their laboratory protocols.

For more information on PGT in general, see our PGT in Thailand guide. You can also explore our guides and FAQ sections for additional resources.

Frequently asked questions

How long does PGT-M take in Thailand?

The entire PGT-M process, from initial consultation to embryo transfer, typically takes several months. The genetic analysis itself may take a few weeks. Exact timelines vary by clinic and the specific genetic test required.

Is PGT-M legal in Thailand?

PGT-M is available in Thailand, but there may be legal and ethical guidelines that vary. It is important to discuss the legal aspects with your clinic and consider the regulations in your home country as well.

What is the success rate of PGT-M?

Success rates for PGT-M depend on many factors, including the specific genetic condition, the number of embryos produced, and the laboratory's expertise. There is no single success rate that applies to all cases. Discuss your individual prognosis with your doctor.

Can PGT-M be done with frozen embryos?

Yes, PGT-M can be performed on embryos that are biopsied and then frozen. In fact, most clinics freeze embryos after biopsy and transfer them in a later cycle once results are available.

Continue your research

• PGT in Thailand overview
• PGT and IVF guides
• Frequently asked questions

Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.