PGT-M Testing in Thailand: A Guide for Couples at Risk of Genetic Disorders

If you and your partner carry a gene for a single-gene disorder such as cystic fibrosis, thalassemia, or Huntington’s disease, you may be exploring ways to reduce the chance of passing it on to your child. Preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT-M) is one option offered in some IVF clinics in Thailand. This guide explains what PGT-M is, how it fits into an IVF cycle, what it can and cannot tell you, and what to consider when planning treatment in Thailand.

What is PGT-M?

PGT-M is a genetic test performed on embryos created through IVF. It looks for specific single-gene disorders that the parents are known to carry. Unlike PGT-A (which screens for chromosomal abnormalities) or PGT-SR (which checks for structural rearrangements like translocations), PGT-M targets a particular inherited condition. The goal is to identify embryos that do not carry the disorder, so that a clinician can transfer one of those embryos into the uterus.

PGT-M is not a general health screen. It only tests for the specific mutation(s) you and your partner have been identified to carry. It does not guarantee a healthy baby, and it cannot detect all genetic or non-genetic conditions.

Who might consider PGT-M?

Couples may consider PGT-M if they:

• Both carry a recessive disorder (e.g., thalassemia, sickle cell anemia)
• One partner carries a dominant disorder (e.g., Huntington’s disease)
• One partner carries an X-linked disorder (e.g., hemophilia)
• Have had a previous child affected by a single-gene disorder
• Have a family history of a specific genetic condition

Before PGT-M, both partners usually undergo genetic counseling and carrier testing to confirm the specific mutation. This step is essential because the test is designed around your unique genetic profile.

How does PGT-M work in an IVF cycle?

PGT-M is performed as part of an IVF cycle. Here is a general step-by-step overview:

1. Genetic counseling and carrier testing: You and your partner meet with a genetic counselor to review your family history and confirm the mutation. This may involve blood or saliva tests.
2. IVF stimulation and egg retrieval: You undergo ovarian stimulation, and eggs are retrieved in a minor surgical procedure.
3. Fertilization and embryo culture: Eggs are fertilized with sperm in the lab, and embryos are cultured for several days (usually to blastocyst stage).
4. Embryo biopsy: A few cells are removed from each embryo. This is usually done on day 5 or 6 of development.
5. Genetic analysis: The biopsied cells are sent to a genetics laboratory for PGT-M analysis. The lab uses techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to look for the specific mutation.
6. Embryo transfer: After results are available (typically within a week or two), a clinician selects an embryo that does not carry the disorder for transfer.

Not all embryos may be suitable for transfer. Some may carry the disorder, and some may not survive the biopsy or thawing process. The number of embryos available for transfer depends on your age, ovarian response, and other factors.

What does PGT-M cost in Thailand?

The cost of PGT-M in Thailand varies widely depending on the clinic, the complexity of the genetic test, and the number of embryos tested. In general, you can expect to pay for:

• IVF cycle costs (stimulation medications, monitoring, egg retrieval, lab fees)
• Embryo biopsy fees
• Genetic analysis fees (often per embryo)
• Genetic counseling and carrier testing (if not already done)
• Medications for uterine preparation and transfer

Because prices are not standardized, it is essential to request a detailed quote from each clinic. Ask what is included and what is not. Some clinics may offer package deals, but be sure to understand what happens if you need additional cycles or if no embryos are suitable for transfer.

Choosing a clinic in Thailand for PGT-M

When researching PGT-M in Thailand, consider the following:

• Accreditation and laboratory standards: Check if the clinic and its associated genetics laboratory have international accreditation (e.g., ISO, CAP).
• Experience with PGT-M: Ask how many PGT-M cycles the clinic has performed and for which conditions.
• Genetic counseling: Does the clinic provide genetic counseling before and after testing?
• Turnaround time: How long does it take to receive results? This may affect your treatment schedule.
• Communication: Will you receive results in English? Who explains them to you?
• Support services: Does the clinic offer translation, travel coordination, or psychological support?

It is also wise to ask about the laboratory that will perform the genetic analysis. Some clinics send biopsies to an external lab, which may affect logistics and costs.

Questions to ask a clinic about PGT-M

Before committing to a clinic, consider asking:

• What is the exact cost of PGT-M, and what does it include?
• How many embryos will be biopsied, and is there a minimum number?
• What is the success rate for PGT-M cycles in your clinic? (Ask for their own data, not general statistics.)
• What happens if no embryos are free of the disorder?
• Can we have our embryos frozen and tested later?
• Do you offer genetic counseling as part of the package?
• What is your policy on embryo disposal or donation if we have unused embryos?

Limitations and considerations

PGT-M is a powerful tool, but it has limitations:

• Not 100% accurate: There is a small risk of misdiagnosis or inconclusive results. Confirmatory testing during pregnancy (e.g., amniocentesis) is often recommended.
• Embryo loss: Not all embryos will survive the biopsy or freezing process.
• No guarantee of pregnancy: Even with a healthy embryo, implantation may not occur.
• Ethical and legal considerations: Some countries have regulations about embryo testing and selection. Thailand has its own legal framework, which you should discuss with your clinic.
• Emotional and financial burden: The process can be stressful and costly, especially if multiple cycles are needed.

It is important to have realistic expectations and to discuss all options with your doctor and genetic counselor.

Next steps

If you are considering PGT-M in Thailand, start by:

1. Consulting with a genetic counselor to confirm your carrier status and understand your risks.
2. Researching IVF clinics that offer PGT-M and have experience with your specific condition.
3. Requesting detailed cost estimates and asking about their laboratory partnerships.
4. Planning for the time required, including any travel and accommodation.
5. Preparing questions about embryo handling, results, and follow-up testing.

For more general information about PGT in Thailand, see our PGT in Thailand overview. You may also find our guides and FAQ sections helpful as you navigate your journey.

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between PGT-A and PGT-M?

PGT-A screens embryos for chromosomal abnormalities (aneuploidy), while PGT-M tests for a specific single-gene disorder that the parents are known to carry. PGT-A is often used to improve IVF success rates, whereas PGT-M is used to avoid passing on a particular genetic condition.

How long does PGT-M testing take in Thailand?

The genetic analysis itself typically takes about one to two weeks after embryo biopsy. However, the entire IVF cycle, including stimulation, retrieval, and transfer, can take several weeks. Your clinic will provide a timeline based on your individual treatment plan.

Is PGT-M legal in Thailand?

Thailand has regulations governing assisted reproductive technology, including genetic testing of embryos. The legal framework is complex and may change. It is essential to consult with your chosen clinic and possibly a legal expert to understand the current rules and any restrictions.

Can PGT-M guarantee a healthy baby?

No. PGT-M can identify embryos that do not carry the specific disorder tested, but it cannot guarantee a pregnancy or a healthy baby. There are risks of misdiagnosis, and other genetic or non-genetic conditions may still occur. Confirmatory prenatal testing is often recommended.

What happens if all embryos have the genetic disorder?

If no embryos are free of the disorder, the clinic will discuss options with you. These may include using donor eggs or sperm, considering adoption, or deciding not to proceed with transfer. Your clinic and genetic counselor can provide support and guidance.

Continue your research

• PGT in Thailand overview
• PGT and IVF guides
• Frequently asked questions

Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.