PGT-M Process in Thailand: A Step-by-Step Guide

If you are considering preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT-M) in Thailand, you likely want to understand the process from start to finish. PGT-M is a technique used during IVF to test embryos for a specific genetic condition that runs in the family. This guide outlines the typical steps involved, from initial genetic counseling to receiving results, and highlights what you should confirm with your clinic.

At a Glance: Key Steps in PGT-M

• Genetic counseling and family mutation testing
• IVF cycle to create embryos
• Embryo biopsy (usually day 5 or 6)
• Genetic analysis of biopsied cells
• Results and embryo transfer decision

Step 1: Genetic Counseling and Family Mutation Testing

The first step in the PGT-M process is genetic counseling. This is essential to confirm that PGT-M is appropriate for your situation. During counseling, a genetic counselor or specialist will review your family history and the specific genetic condition you are trying to avoid. They will explain the testing process, its limitations, and what results may mean.

Before starting PGT-M, it is usually necessary to identify the exact genetic mutation in the affected family member. This is called family mutation testing. Without knowing the precise mutation, PGT-M cannot be performed. Your clinic will guide you on how to obtain this information, which may involve testing a blood or saliva sample from an affected relative.

Step 2: IVF Cycle to Create Embryos

PGT-M requires in vitro fertilization (IVF) to create embryos. You will undergo ovarian stimulation to produce multiple eggs, which are then retrieved and fertilized with sperm in the laboratory. The resulting embryos are cultured for several days, typically until they reach the blastocyst stage (around day 5 or 6).

Your clinic will provide specific instructions for the IVF cycle, including medication protocols and monitoring appointments. It is important to follow these instructions closely to optimize the number of embryos available for testing.

Step 3: Embryo Biopsy

Once embryos reach the blastocyst stage, a biopsy is performed. This involves removing a few cells from the outer layer of the embryo, called the trophectoderm, which will later become the placenta. The biopsy is done by an embryologist using a precise laser and micropipette. The cells are then sent to a genetics laboratory for analysis.

The biopsy procedure is delicate and requires expertise. Your clinic will have protocols in place to minimize any potential risk to the embryo. After biopsy, embryos are typically frozen (vitrified) while awaiting results.

Step 4: Genetic Analysis

The biopsied cells undergo genetic analysis to determine whether each embryo carries the specific genetic mutation. The testing method used may vary, but it is designed to detect the mutation with high accuracy. In some cases, additional testing for chromosomal abnormalities (such as PGT-A) may be performed simultaneously, but this is not always necessary.

The analysis can take several days to a few weeks, depending on the laboratory and the complexity of the test. Your clinic will provide an estimated timeline for when results will be available.

Step 5: Results and Embryo Transfer

Once results are available, your genetic counselor or doctor will explain them to you. Embryos that are free of the genetic condition may be considered for transfer. The transfer is usually scheduled in a subsequent cycle, after your uterus is prepared with hormones.

It is important to understand that PGT-M reduces the risk of having a child with the specific genetic condition, but it does not guarantee a successful pregnancy or a completely healthy baby. There are limitations to the testing, and your clinic will discuss these with you.

Practical Questions to Ask Your Clinic

• What is the exact process for family mutation testing, and how long does it take?
• How many embryos are typically needed for PGT-M to be feasible?
• What is the biopsy procedure, and how many cells are removed?
• How long will genetic analysis take, and when will results be available?
• Are there any additional tests recommended, such as PGT-A?
• What are the costs involved, and what is included in the quoted price?

Next Steps: Your Checklist

• Confirm that PGT-M is appropriate for your genetic situation with a genetic counselor.
• Arrange for family mutation testing to identify the specific genetic mutation.
• Choose a clinic in Thailand that offers PGT-M and has experience with your condition.
• Discuss the full timeline, including IVF, biopsy, and results, with your clinic.
• Clarify all costs and what they cover before starting treatment.

For more information about PGT in Thailand, see our PGT in Thailand overview. You can also explore our guides and FAQ for additional insights.

Frequently asked questions

How long does the PGT-M process take in Thailand?

The timeline varies by clinic and individual circumstances. Generally, it includes genetic counseling, family mutation testing (which may take several weeks), an IVF cycle (about 2-3 weeks), embryo biopsy (one day), and genetic analysis (which can take days to weeks). Your clinic can provide a more specific timeline based on your situation.

Is family mutation testing required for PGT-M?

Yes, family mutation testing is typically required to identify the exact genetic mutation causing the condition. Without this information, PGT-M cannot be performed. Your clinic will guide you on how to obtain this testing.

What are the limitations of PGT-M?

PGT-M reduces the risk of having a child with the specific genetic condition, but it does not guarantee a successful pregnancy or a completely healthy baby. There is a small chance of misdiagnosis, and not all embryos may be suitable for transfer. Your clinic will discuss these limitations with you.

Can PGT-M be combined with other genetic tests?

Yes, PGT-M can sometimes be combined with preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) to screen for chromosomal abnormalities. However, this is not always necessary and depends on your specific situation. Discuss with your clinic whether additional testing is recommended.

Continue your research

• PGT in Thailand overview
• PGT and IVF guides
• Frequently asked questions

Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.