How PGT-M Works for Single Gene Disorders in Thailand

Understanding PGT-M

Preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT-M) is a technique used during in vitro fertilization (IVF) to identify embryos that do not carry a specific single-gene disorder. It is designed for couples or individuals who have a known genetic condition in their family and wish to reduce the risk of passing it on to their children.

PGT-M is not a guarantee of a healthy baby, nor is it suitable for everyone. It is a complex process that requires careful planning, genetic counseling, and laboratory expertise. This article explains how PGT-M works, what you can expect, and what to prepare if you are considering it in Thailand.

At a Glance: Key Points About PGT-M

• PGT-M is used for single-gene disorders such as cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, or Huntington’s disease.
• It requires IVF because embryos are created in the laboratory and tested before transfer.
• The process involves genetic testing of embryos to identify those without the specific mutation.
• Success depends on many factors, including the number of viable embryos and the accuracy of the genetic test.
• International patients need to plan for medical records, legal considerations, and travel logistics.

Who Might Consider PGT-M?

PGT-M may be considered by:

• Couples where one or both partners carry a known single-gene mutation.
• Individuals with a family history of a genetic disorder who want to avoid passing it on.
• Couples who have had a child with a genetic condition and want to reduce the risk in future pregnancies.

Before proceeding, you should have a confirmed genetic diagnosis and understand the inheritance pattern of the condition. Genetic counseling is essential to discuss the implications and alternatives.

The PGT-M Process: Step by Step

1. Genetic Consultation and Testing

The first step is a genetic consultation with a specialist. You will need to provide detailed medical and family history. The clinic will likely require genetic test results from you and your partner to identify the specific mutation. This may involve blood or saliva samples.

2. IVF Cycle

PGT-M is performed in conjunction with IVF. You will undergo ovarian stimulation to produce multiple eggs, which are then retrieved and fertilized with sperm in the laboratory. The resulting embryos are cultured for several days.

3. Embryo Biopsy

On day 5 or 6 of development, a few cells are removed from each embryo (trophectoderm biopsy). This is done carefully to minimize damage to the embryo. The biopsy is sent to a genetic laboratory for analysis.

4. Genetic Testing

The biopsied cells are tested for the specific single-gene disorder. The laboratory uses techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or next-generation sequencing to detect the mutation. The results typically take a few days to a few weeks.

5. Embryo Transfer

Only embryos that are unaffected (not carrying the mutation) are considered for transfer. A healthy embryo is selected and transferred to the uterus. Any remaining unaffected embryos may be frozen for future use.

What to Prepare as an International Patient

If you are traveling to Thailand for PGT-M, preparation is key. Here are the main areas to consider:

Medical Records

You will need to provide comprehensive medical records, including:

• Genetic test results confirming the diagnosis.
• Details of any previous pregnancies or children affected by the condition.
• Medical history of both partners.
• Any prior IVF or fertility treatment records.

Make sure these documents are translated into English if they are in another language.

Legal and Ethical Considerations

PGT-M is regulated differently in each country. In Thailand, you should confirm the legal status of PGT-M and any requirements for international patients. This may include consent forms and approval from a medical ethics committee.

Travel and Accommodation

Plan for a stay of several weeks, as the IVF cycle and testing take time. Consider accommodation near the clinic, transportation, and support for recovery after egg retrieval.

Costs

The cost of PGT-M in Thailand varies depending on the clinic, the complexity of the genetic test, and the number of embryos tested. Ask for a detailed breakdown of fees, including IVF, biopsy, genetic testing, and any additional procedures.

Questions to Ask Your Clinic

Before choosing a clinic, ask these questions:

• What is your experience with PGT-M for my specific genetic condition?
• How many embryos are typically biopsied and tested per cycle?
• What is the turnaround time for genetic results?
• How do you handle inconclusive or ambiguous results?
• What are the success rates for PGT-M in your clinic? (Ask for specific data, not general claims.)
• What support do you offer for international patients, such as translation services or coordination?

Alternatives and Limitations

PGT-M is not the only option. Alternatives include:

• Prenatal diagnosis (e.g., chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis) during pregnancy.
• Using donor eggs or sperm to avoid passing on the genetic condition.
• Adoption or remaining childless.

PGT-M has limitations. It does not eliminate the risk of all genetic disorders, only the specific one tested. There is also a small chance of misdiagnosis or no embryos being unaffected. The process can be emotionally and physically demanding.

Next Steps

If you are considering PGT-M in Thailand, start by:

1. Consulting with a genetic counselor in your home country to confirm your diagnosis and discuss options.
2. Researching fertility clinics in Thailand that offer PGT-M.
3. Contacting clinics to ask about their experience, success rates, and support for international patients.
4. Preparing your medical records and planning your travel.

For more information, explore our PGT in Thailand guide, visit our guides section, or check our FAQ for common questions.

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between PGT-M and PGT-A?

PGT-M tests for a specific single-gene disorder, while PGT-A screens for chromosomal abnormalities (aneuploidy). They are used for different purposes and can be performed together in some cases.

How long does the PGT-M process take?

The entire process, from genetic consultation to embryo transfer, typically takes several weeks to a few months. The genetic testing itself may take a few days to a few weeks, depending on the laboratory.

Is PGT-M legal in Thailand?

PGT-M is available in Thailand, but regulations may vary. It is important to confirm the legal status and any requirements with the clinic and relevant authorities before proceeding.

What are the risks of embryo biopsy?

Embryo biopsy is generally considered safe, but there is a small risk of damage to the embryo. The procedure is performed by experienced embryologists to minimize this risk.

Can PGT-M guarantee a healthy baby?

No, PGT-M reduces the risk of passing on a specific genetic disorder, but it does not guarantee a healthy baby. There are other factors that can affect pregnancy and child health.

Continue your research

• PGT in Thailand overview
• PGT and IVF guides
• Frequently asked questions

Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.