At a glance
Understand euploid, aneuploid, and mosaic PGT-A results, how Thai labs typically report them, and what questions to ask your doctor about transferability.
What Is PGT-A and Why Is It Used?
Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy (PGT-A) is a screening technique used during in vitro fertilization (IVF) to analyze embryos for chromosomal abnormalities. The goal is to identify embryos with the correct number of chromosomes (euploid) before transfer, potentially improving the chances of implantation and reducing the risk of miscarriage or genetic disorders. PGT-A does not test for all genetic conditions; it focuses on chromosome number changes.
Understanding PGT-A Result Categories
Thai laboratories typically report PGT-A results in three main categories:
- Euploid: The embryo has the expected number of chromosomes (46 in humans). These embryos are considered chromosomally normal and are generally prioritized for transfer.
- Aneuploid: The embryo has missing or extra chromosomes (e.g., trisomy 21, monosomy X). These embryos are unlikely to result in a healthy pregnancy and are usually not recommended for transfer.
- Mosaic: The embryo has a mixture of euploid and aneuploid cells. The degree of mosaicism (low, medium, high) can affect transfer recommendations. Some low-level mosaic embryos may be considered for transfer if no euploid embryos are available, after genetic counseling.
How Thai Labs Report PGT-A Results
Thai labs typically provide a report that includes:
- Embryo identification number
- Biopsy date and testing method (e.g., next-generation sequencing)
- Chromosomal analysis for each chromosome pair
- Result classification: euploid, aneuploid, or mosaic (with percentage if applicable)
- Sex chromosome status (if requested)
Reports may also include a comment on embryo quality and recommendations. It is important to note that reporting formats can vary between laboratories. Always request a copy of the full report and discuss it with your fertility specialist.
What to Ask Your Doctor About Transferability
When reviewing your PGT-A results, consider asking your doctor these questions:
- Which embryos are euploid and recommended for transfer?
- If mosaic embryos are present, what is the level of mosaicism and what are the potential risks and outcomes?
- Are there any aneuploid embryos that might be considered for transfer under exceptional circumstances?
- How does the lab’s classification system affect transfer decisions?
- What additional testing (e.g., PGT-M for single gene disorders) might be needed?
Limitations of PGT-A
PGT-A is a screening tool, not a diagnostic test. It has limitations:
- It cannot detect all genetic disorders, such as single-gene mutations or structural rearrangements.
- Mosaicism may be underestimated or overestimated due to biopsy sampling.
- Euploid embryos do not guarantee pregnancy or a healthy baby; other factors (e.g., uterine environment, embryo quality) also matter.
- There is a small risk of misdiagnosis or no result from the biopsy.
Next Steps After Receiving Results
After reviewing your PGT-A results with your doctor, you may consider:
- Discussing transfer options for euploid embryos
- Exploring additional genetic counseling if mosaic or aneuploid results are present
- Considering further testing (e.g., PGT-M) if a specific genetic condition is a concern
- Reviewing your IVF cycle plan and timing for frozen embryo transfer
For more information, see our PGT in Thailand overview, patient guides, and frequently asked questions.
Frequently asked questions
What does euploid mean in PGT-A results?
Euploid means the embryo has the correct number of chromosomes (46 in humans). These embryos are considered chromosomally normal and are typically prioritized for transfer.
Can a mosaic embryo be transferred?
In some cases, low-level mosaic embryos may be considered for transfer if no euploid embryos are available. This decision should be made after thorough genetic counseling and discussion of potential risks with your doctor.
How accurate are PGT-A results from Thai labs?
Thai labs generally use validated technologies like next-generation sequencing, but no test is 100% accurate. There is a small risk of misdiagnosis or no result. Discuss the lab's quality controls and success rates with your clinic.
Do I need PGT-A for all embryos?
PGT-A is optional and not recommended for all patients. It is often considered for women of advanced maternal age, those with recurrent pregnancy loss, or previous aneuploidy. Your doctor can help determine if it is appropriate for you.
What questions should I ask about my PGT-A report?
Ask your doctor to explain each result category, the level of mosaicism if present, and how the lab's classification affects transfer recommendations. Also inquire about the need for additional testing or genetic counseling.
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Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.
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