PGT Biopsy Results in Thailand: How to Read Your Report

If you are waiting for or have just received PGT biopsy results from a clinic in Thailand, you likely have a report full of technical terms. This guide explains the common structure and vocabulary of a PGT report so you can prepare informed questions for your clinic. It does not interpret your specific results. Only your treating clinic and a qualified genetic counsellor can do that, because the meaning of any result depends on your personal and family history, the technology used, and the limitations of the test.

At a glance

• PGT reports usually describe which embryos were tested, what type of PGT was used, and a result category for each embryo.
• Common result categories include euploid, aneuploid, mosaic, and inconclusive or no result.
• PGT-A looks at chromosome number; PGT-M looks at a specific inherited condition; PGT-SR looks at structural chromosome rearrangements.
• PGT is not a guarantee of pregnancy or a healthy child, and it is not necessary or suitable for every patient.
• Always discuss your report with your clinic and a genetic counsellor before making decisions.

What a PGT report typically contains

Although formats vary between laboratories and clinics, a PGT report generally includes several sections. The exact layout depends on the provider, so use this as a general orientation rather than a fixed template.

• Patient and sample information: identifiers for you and the embryos tested, plus dates of biopsy and reporting.
• Test type: whether PGT-A, PGT-M, PGT-SR, or a combination was performed.
• Method: a brief description of the laboratory technique, such as the platform used for analysis.
• Results table: one row per embryo, with a result category and sometimes a note about chromosome(s) involved.
• Interpretation or comments: a summary from the laboratory, which may include limitations or recommendations for confirmatory testing.
• Signatures or authorisations: names and roles of the professionals who reviewed and released the report.

If any of these sections are missing or unclear, ask your clinic for clarification. You are entitled to understand the document that informs your care.

Key terms you may see

The vocabulary in PGT reports can be dense. Here are some terms you may encounter, with plain-English explanations. Remember that your clinic’s definitions may vary slightly, so confirm anything that affects your decisions.

Embryo and biopsy

An embryo is the early stage of development after fertilisation. A biopsy is a small sample of cells taken from the embryo, usually at the blastocyst stage, for genetic testing. The biopsy itself does not usually harm the embryo’s ability to develop, but it is an additional laboratory step.

PGT-A, PGT-M, and PGT-SR

• PGT-A (aneuploidy): screens for extra or missing chromosomes across the embryo’s genome. It does not test for specific inherited diseases.
• PGT-M (monogenic): tests for a specific single-gene condition that runs in your family, such as cystic fibrosis or thalassaemia, when the genetic variant is known.
• PGT-SR (structural rearrangement): tests for chromosome rearrangements, such as translocations, that may affect fertility or pregnancy outcomes.

Some clinics combine these tests. The report should state clearly which test or tests were performed.

Euploid, aneuploid, and mosaic

• Euploid: the embryo has the expected number of chromosomes for its species. This is often described as a “normal” result, but it does not guarantee a successful pregnancy or a healthy baby.
• Aneuploid: the embryo has an abnormal number of chromosomes. This may be described as “abnormal” or “affected.” Aneuploid embryos are often not recommended for transfer, but the decision depends on the specific chromosomes involved and your clinic’s policy.
• Mosaic: the embryo has a mixture of cells with different chromosome numbers. Mosaic results can be complex. Some mosaic embryos may still be considered for transfer after counselling, while others may not. The report may indicate the percentage of mosaic cells, but the clinical significance is not fully understood and varies by chromosome.
• Inconclusive or no result: the test did not produce a clear answer, often because of technical limitations. Your clinic may recommend re-biopsy or may discuss other options.

Other terms

• Chromosome: a structure that carries genetic information. Humans usually have 46 chromosomes in pairs.
• Mosaicism: the presence of two or more cell populations with different genetic make-up in the same embryo.
• Resolution: the level of detail a test can detect. Lower resolution may miss small changes.
• Positive predictive value: the probability that a positive result is correct. This can vary with the condition and the test.

How to read the results table

The results table is often the most important part of the report. It usually lists each embryo with an identifier, the result category, and sometimes additional notes. Here is a general approach to reading it:

1. Identify the embryo: each embryo should have a unique code. Make sure you understand which code corresponds to which embryo if you have more than one.
2. Read the result category: look for terms like euploid, aneuploid, mosaic, or inconclusive. The report may use different words, so check the legend or glossary.
3. Note any chromosome details: for aneuploid or mosaic results, the report may specify which chromosome(s) are involved. This information is important for your counsellor.
4. Check for limitations: the report may include a note about the test’s limitations, such as the possibility of false positives or false negatives.
5. Look for recommendations: some reports include suggestions for confirmatory testing or genetic counselling.

Do not try to interpret the results on your own. The same result can have different implications depending on your age, medical history, and the reason for testing.

Why a genetic counsellor is essential

PGT results are not simply “good” or “bad.” They are probabilities and risk estimates that need to be understood in your personal context. A genetic counsellor can:

• Explain what your specific result means for your chance of pregnancy and a healthy child.
• Discuss the limitations of the test, including the possibility of false results.
• Help you weigh the options for embryo transfer, including transferring a mosaic embryo or considering another cycle.
• Address emotional and ethical concerns.
• Coordinate with your fertility doctor to align the results with your treatment plan.

In Thailand, genetic counselling services may be available at larger fertility centres or through referral. Ask your clinic whether a counsellor is available and whether the consultation can be conducted in your language.

Questions to ask your clinic

When you discuss your report, consider asking these questions. They can help you understand your options and make informed decisions.

• Which type of PGT was performed, and what does it test for?
• What do the result categories in my report mean in plain language?
• For any mosaic or inconclusive results, what are the recommended next steps?
• What are the limitations of this test for my situation?
• Can I speak with a genetic counsellor, and is interpretation included in the cost?
• How do these results affect my transfer plan?
• Are there any additional tests that could provide more information?
• What are the costs for any follow-up testing or counselling?

Next steps after receiving your report

1. Do not panic or make immediate decisions. Take time to read the report and write down your questions.
2. Request a consultation with your fertility doctor and, if possible, a genetic counsellor.
3. Ask for a plain-language explanation of each embryo’s result and what it means for transfer.
4. Discuss the limitations of the test and any uncertainty in the results.
5. Consider your options for transfer, further testing, or another cycle, and ask about the risks and benefits of each.
6. Confirm costs for any additional consultations, tests, or procedures.
7. Seek support from counselling services or patient support groups if you feel overwhelmed.

Limitations of PGT

PGT is a screening or diagnostic tool, not a guarantee. It cannot detect all genetic conditions, and it may produce results that are difficult to interpret. Some embryos may be misclassified, and mosaic results are particularly challenging. PGT also does not improve the quality of an embryo or ensure implantation. It is one part of a broader fertility treatment plan, and its use should be individualised.

Related reading

For more context on PGT in Thailand, see our PGT in Thailand guide. You can also browse our patient guides and frequently asked questions for additional support.

Frequently asked questions

What does a mosaic result mean on my PGT report?

A mosaic result means the embryo has a mixture of cells with different chromosome numbers. The clinical significance can vary, and some mosaic embryos may still be considered for transfer after genetic counselling. Your clinic and a genetic counsellor can help you understand the specific implications for your case.

Can I interpret my PGT report without a genetic counsellor?

It is not recommended. PGT results are complex and depend on your personal and family history, the test used, and laboratory limitations. A genetic counsellor or your treating doctor should interpret the report for you to avoid misunderstandings.

What should I do if my report says 'inconclusive' or 'no result'?

An inconclusive result means the test did not provide a clear answer, often due to technical reasons. Your clinic may recommend re-biopsy or discuss other options. Ask your doctor what the next steps are and what the limitations mean for your treatment plan.

Is PGT necessary for everyone undergoing IVF?

No. PGT is not necessary or suitable for every patient. It is typically considered when there is a specific reason, such as a known inherited condition, recurrent pregnancy loss, or advanced maternal age. Your doctor can help you decide whether PGT is appropriate for your situation.

Does a euploid result guarantee a successful pregnancy?

No. A euploid result means the embryo has the expected number of chromosomes, but it does not guarantee implantation, pregnancy, or a healthy baby. Many other factors affect IVF success, and your clinic can discuss these with you.

Continue your research

• PGT in Thailand overview
• PGT and IVF guides
• Frequently asked questions

Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.