How Does PGT Work in Thailand? A Step-by-Step Guide for International Patients

What Is PGT and Why Is It Used?

Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is a technique used alongside in vitro fertilization (IVF) to screen embryos for genetic abnormalities before transfer to the uterus. It helps identify embryos with the correct number of chromosomes (PGT-A), specific single-gene disorders (PGT-M), or structural rearrangements (PGT-SR). PGT is not a guarantee of a healthy pregnancy or live birth, and it is not suitable for every patient. Your fertility specialist will help determine if PGT is appropriate based on your medical history and family planning goals.

Step 1: IVF Cycle and Embryo Development

The PGT process begins with a standard IVF cycle. You will undergo ovarian stimulation to produce multiple eggs, which are then retrieved and fertilized with sperm in the laboratory. The resulting embryos are cultured for 5–6 days until they reach the blastocyst stage. At this point, the embryo has two distinct cell types: the inner cell mass (which becomes the fetus) and the trophectoderm (which becomes the placenta). Only embryos that develop to the blastocyst stage are suitable for biopsy.

Step 2: Embryo Biopsy

On day 5 or 6 of development, a skilled embryologist performs a biopsy. Using a laser and a fine pipette, the embryologist removes 3–5 cells from the trophectoderm. This is done carefully to minimize any impact on the embryo’s viability. The biopsied cells are then sent for genetic analysis. The embryo itself is frozen (vitrified) while awaiting results.

Step 3: Genetic Analysis

The biopsied cells undergo genetic testing in a specialized laboratory. The type of analysis depends on the indication:

• PGT-A (Aneuploidy Testing): Screens for the correct number of chromosomes. Embryos with an abnormal number (aneuploid) are less likely to implant or may lead to miscarriage.
• PGT-M (Monogenic Testing): Detects specific single-gene disorders such as cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease, or thalassemia. This requires prior knowledge of the genetic mutation in the family.
• PGT-SR (Structural Rearrangement Testing): Identifies embryos with balanced or unbalanced chromosomal rearrangements, such as translocations or inversions.

Thailand follows international standards for genetic testing, and laboratories use validated techniques such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) for PGT-A and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or NGS for PGT-M and PGT-SR. The analysis typically takes 1–2 weeks, depending on the complexity.

Step 4: Result Interpretation

Results are reported as:

• Euploid: Normal chromosome number (for PGT-A) or unaffected (for PGT-M/SR). These embryos are prioritized for transfer.
• Aneuploid: Abnormal chromosome number. These embryos are generally not transferred.
• Mosaic: A mix of normal and abnormal cells. The clinical significance of mosaicism is still being studied, and transfer decisions are made on a case-by-case basis.
• Inconclusive: The biopsy sample did not yield sufficient DNA for analysis. Re-biopsy may be possible in some cases.

It is important to discuss results with your genetic counselor or fertility specialist to understand the implications for your specific situation.

Step 5: Frozen Embryo Transfer

Once results are available, a euploid or unaffected embryo is selected for transfer. The embryo is thawed and transferred into the uterus in a subsequent menstrual cycle. The timing of the transfer is coordinated with your natural cycle or a hormone replacement protocol.

Alternatives and Limitations

PGT is not the only option. Alternatives include:

• Prenatal testing (chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis) during pregnancy.
• Donor eggs or sperm to avoid inherited genetic conditions.
• Natural conception with genetic counseling.

Limitations of PGT include:

• Not all embryos reach the blastocyst stage for biopsy.
• PGT cannot detect all genetic disorders or guarantee a healthy baby.
• There is a small risk of embryo damage during biopsy.
• Mosaic results can be difficult to interpret.

PGT is a powerful tool, but it is not a guarantee of pregnancy or a healthy child. Discuss all options thoroughly with your medical team.

What International Patients Should Know

Thailand has a well-established reputation for fertility care, with many clinics offering PGT services that adhere to international standards. As an international patient, you will need to plan for travel, accommodation, and time in Thailand. The entire process—from initial consultation to embryo transfer—can take several weeks to months, depending on your cycle and testing requirements.

Key considerations include:

• Medical records: Bring all relevant medical history, genetic reports, and prior fertility treatments.
• Legal aspects: Confirm the legal status of PGT for your specific indication (e.g., sex selection may be restricted).
• Costs: Obtain a detailed cost breakdown from your clinic, including IVF, biopsy, genetic testing, and embryo storage.
• Support: Consider working with a patient coordinator who can assist with logistics and communication.

For more information, explore our PGT in Thailand overview, browse our guides, or check the FAQ for common questions.

Frequently asked questions

How long does the PGT process take in Thailand?

The entire process from IVF stimulation to embryo transfer typically takes 6–8 weeks, but this can vary depending on your cycle, the type of PGT, and laboratory timelines. Confirm with your clinic for an individualized timeline.

Is PGT legal in Thailand?

PGT is available in Thailand for medical indications such as preventing genetic disorders. However, regulations may vary, and some uses (like sex selection for non-medical reasons) may be restricted. Always verify current laws with your clinic or legal advisor.

Can I choose the sex of my embryo with PGT in Thailand?

Sex selection is generally not permitted for non-medical reasons in Thailand. PGT may be used to avoid sex-linked genetic disorders. Discuss your specific situation with your clinic.

What is the success rate of PGT in Thailand?

Success rates depend on many factors including maternal age, embryo quality, and the specific genetic condition. There are no guaranteed outcomes. Ask your clinic for their most recent data relevant to your case.

Do I need to stay in Thailand for the entire PGT cycle?

You will need to be in Thailand for egg retrieval and embryo transfer. The genetic analysis takes 1–2 weeks, during which you may return home if you wish, but discuss logistics with your clinic.

Continue your research

• PGT in Thailand overview
• PGT and IVF guides
• Frequently asked questions

Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.