At a glance
Learn about sperm retrieval methods like TESE and PESA used in Thailand for IVF, when they might be recommended, and what to ask your clinic.
If you are exploring IVF in Thailand and male factor infertility is part of your journey, you may be wondering how sperm is obtained when it is not present in the ejaculate. Sperm retrieval procedures, such as TESE or PESA, are performed by fertility specialists to collect sperm directly from the male reproductive tract. The right method depends on the underlying cause of the sperm absence, so a thorough evaluation by a urologist or fertility specialist is essential.
At a Glance: Sperm Retrieval Methods
- TESE (Testicular Sperm Extraction): A surgical biopsy of testicular tissue to find sperm.
- PESA (Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration): A needle is used to draw fluid from the epididymis.
- Other methods may include TESA (testicular sperm aspiration) or micro-TESE, depending on the clinic.
- The choice depends on whether the issue is obstructive (a blockage) or non-obstructive (low or no sperm production).
Understanding Sperm Retrieval
Sperm retrieval is a procedure to obtain sperm for use in IVF, usually with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). It is typically recommended when there is no sperm in the ejaculate (azoospermia) or when ejaculation is not possible. The two main categories are obstructive azoospermia, where sperm are produced but blocked, and non-obstructive azoospermia, where the testicles produce little or no sperm.
Common Sperm Retrieval Techniques
TESE (Testicular Sperm Extraction)
TESE involves a small incision in the testicle to remove a sample of tissue. The tissue is then examined under a microscope to find sperm. This method is often used when there is a concern about sperm production, such as in non-obstructive azoospermia.
PESA (Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration)
PESA uses a fine needle to aspirate fluid from the epididymis, the tube where sperm mature. It is less invasive than TESE and is often used when there is a blockage preventing sperm from reaching the ejaculate.
Other Techniques
Depending on the clinic and the situation, other methods like TESA (testicular sperm aspiration) or micro-TESE (a more detailed version of TESE) may be offered. Each technique has its own advantages and considerations, which your doctor will explain based on your specific case.
When Might Sperm Retrieval Be Recommended?
Sperm retrieval is considered when sperm are absent from the ejaculate or when ejaculation is not possible due to medical conditions. It may also be used in cases of previous vasectomy or failed vasectomy reversal. The decision is based on a comprehensive evaluation, including hormone tests, physical examination, and sometimes genetic testing.
What to Expect During the Process
The procedure is typically performed under local or general anesthesia, depending on the method and clinic protocols. The retrieved sperm are then used to fertilize eggs in the IVF laboratory. In some cases, sperm may be frozen for future use. Recovery time varies, but most men can resume normal activities within a few days.
Questions to Ask Your Clinic
- Which sperm retrieval method do you recommend for my condition, and why?
- What is your experience with this procedure?
- What are the risks and side effects?
- Will the sperm be used fresh or frozen?
- How many sperm are typically found with this method?
- What is the success rate for fertilization with retrieved sperm?
Next Steps
If you are considering IVF in Thailand, start by consulting with a fertility specialist who can assess your situation and recommend the most appropriate sperm retrieval method. Be prepared to provide a detailed medical history and undergo diagnostic tests. Ask about the clinic’s experience with male factor infertility and their laboratory capabilities.
For more general information, visit our FAQ and guides. If you have specific questions, feel free to contact us.
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between TESE and PESA?
TESE (Testicular Sperm Extraction) involves removing a small piece of testicular tissue to find sperm, while PESA (Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration) uses a needle to draw fluid from the epididymis. TESE is often used when sperm production is low, while PESA is used when there is a blockage.
Is sperm retrieval painful?
Sperm retrieval is usually performed under local or general anesthesia, so you should not feel pain during the procedure. Afterward, there may be some discomfort or swelling, but this typically resolves within a few days.
Can sperm retrieved surgically be used for IVF?
Yes, sperm retrieved surgically can be used for IVF, usually with ICSI, where a single sperm is injected into an egg. The success depends on the quality and quantity of sperm found.
How long does it take to recover from sperm retrieval?
Recovery time varies, but most men can return to normal activities within a few days. You may need to avoid strenuous exercise for a week or so. Your clinic will provide specific aftercare instructions.
Are there any risks associated with sperm retrieval?
As with any surgical procedure, there are risks such as bleeding, infection, or damage to surrounding tissue. However, serious complications are rare. Your doctor will discuss the risks with you before the procedure.
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Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.
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