At a glance
Learn what PGT-M results mean, including terms like affected, carrier, and unaffected, and why genetic counseling is essential for understanding your report.
Understanding Your PGT-M Report
Receiving your PGT-M results can feel overwhelming. This guide explains the common terms you will see on your report and what they mean for your family-building journey. Remember, PGT-M is a screening tool, not a guarantee of a healthy baby. Always discuss your results with a genetic counselor who can provide personalized guidance.
What Is PGT-M?
PGT-M (preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders) is a test performed on embryos created through IVF. It checks for specific single-gene conditions, such as cystic fibrosis or Huntington’s disease, that are known to run in a family. The goal is to identify embryos that do not carry the disease-causing mutation, reducing the risk of passing it on to your child.
How PGT-M Results Are Reported
Your PGT-M report will typically list each embryo tested and its status for the condition in question. The three main categories are:
- Affected: The embryo carries the disease-causing mutation and is likely to develop the condition.
- Carrier: The embryo carries one copy of the mutation but does not have the disease. This is relevant for recessive conditions, where two copies are needed to cause the disease.
- Unaffected: The embryo does not carry the mutation and is not affected by the condition.
Some reports may also include terms like “unaffected non-carrier” or “unaffected carrier.” Your genetic counselor will explain exactly what each term means for your specific situation.
What Do the Results Mean for Your Embryos?
If you have embryos that are unaffected, they may be suitable for transfer. If all embryos are affected or carriers, you may need to consider other options, such as further IVF cycles, using donor embryos, or other family-building paths. Your clinic and genetic counselor can discuss these options with you.
The Role of Genetic Counseling
Genetic counseling is a critical step after receiving PGT-M results. A genetic counselor can help you understand the medical implications, the inheritance patterns, and the emotional aspects of your results. They can also discuss the accuracy of the test and any limitations. In Thailand, genetic counseling is often available through your fertility clinic or a genetics specialist.
Questions to Ask Your Clinic
When reviewing your results, consider asking your clinic and genetic counselor these questions:
- What is the accuracy of the PGT-M test for our specific condition?
- What is the difference between a carrier and an affected embryo for our condition?
- Are there any embryos that are suitable for transfer?
- What are the next steps if no unaffected embryos are available?
- How does the lab report results, and what do the technical terms mean?
Next Steps After Receiving Results
After you have reviewed your results with your genetic counselor, you may decide to proceed with a frozen embryo transfer (FET) of an unaffected embryo. Your clinic will guide you through the preparation and timing. If you have questions about the process, refer to our PGT in Thailand guide for an overview.
Limitations of PGT-M
PGT-M is highly accurate but not infallible. It tests for specific mutations, but it cannot detect all genetic abnormalities. Additionally, PGT-M does not guarantee a successful pregnancy or a healthy baby. Other factors, such as embryo quality and maternal age, also affect outcomes. Always discuss the limitations with your provider.
Emotional Considerations
Receiving PGT-M results can be emotionally challenging, especially if you receive unexpected news. It is normal to feel a range of emotions. Seek support from your partner, family, or a professional counselor. Many clinics in Thailand offer psychological support services.
Your Next Steps
To make the most of your PGT-M results:
- Schedule a follow-up appointment with your genetic counselor.
- Bring a list of questions to your appointment.
- Discuss all your options, including the possibility of additional IVF cycles.
- Take time to process the information before making decisions.
For more general information, visit our guides section or check our FAQ page.
Frequently asked questions
What does 'affected' mean in PGT-M results?
An 'affected' embryo carries the disease-causing mutation and is expected to develop the condition. These embryos are typically not considered for transfer.
Can a carrier embryo be transferred?
For recessive conditions, a carrier embryo has one copy of the mutation but does not have the disease. Whether it can be transferred depends on the specific condition and your family's goals. Discuss with your genetic counselor.
How accurate is PGT-M?
PGT-M is highly accurate for the specific mutation tested, but it is not 100% perfect. There is a small risk of misdiagnosis. Your clinic can provide more details about their lab's accuracy.
What if all my embryos are affected?
If no unaffected embryos are available, you may consider another IVF cycle, using donor embryos, or other family-building options. Your clinic and genetic counselor can discuss these alternatives.
Do I need genetic counseling after PGT-M?
Yes, genetic counseling is strongly recommended. It helps you understand your results, the implications, and your options, ensuring you make informed decisions.
Continue your research
Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.
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