At a glance
Understanding your PGT results in Thailand can feel overwhelming. This guide explains euploid, aneuploid, and mosaic results in plain English and helps you prepare for discussions with your doctor and genetic counselor.
Understanding Your PGT Results: A Starting Point
When you undergo preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) in Thailand, the results can feel complex and emotional. In simple terms, PGT looks at embryos created through IVF to check for certain genetic conditions before transfer. The results help you and your medical team decide which embryos to consider for transfer. However, PGT results are not a guarantee of pregnancy or a healthy baby—they are one piece of information in your fertility journey.
This guide explains the main types of PGT results, what they mean, and how to discuss them with your doctor and genetic counselor. Always rely on your clinic’s medical team for personalized interpretation.
At a Glance: Key Points About PGT Results
- PGT-A screens embryos for the correct number of chromosomes (euploid vs. aneuploid).
- PGT-M looks for specific single-gene disorders.
- PGT-SR checks for structural rearrangements of chromosomes.
- Results may be reported as euploid, aneuploid, or mosaic.
- Mosaic embryos have a mix of normal and abnormal cells.
- Your doctor and genetic counselor are the best people to explain what results mean for your situation.
What Do PGT Results Mean?
Euploid Results
An embryo with a euploid result has the expected number of chromosomes (46 in humans) with no detectable abnormalities in the tested chromosomes. This is often considered a positive result, but it does not guarantee implantation or a live birth. Many factors affect whether an embryo will develop, including the embryo’s quality and the health of the uterus.
Aneuploid Results
An aneuploid embryo has an abnormal number of chromosomes—either missing or extra. For example, trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) is a type of aneuploidy. Aneuploid embryos often do not implant or may lead to miscarriage. However, some aneuploidies are compatible with life, and the decision to transfer such an embryo is complex and should be made with thorough genetic counseling.
Mosaic Results
A mosaic embryo has a mixture of cells with normal chromosomes and cells with abnormal chromosomes. The level of mosaicism (the percentage of abnormal cells) can vary. Mosaic embryos may have reduced implantation potential, but some can develop into healthy babies. The clinical significance of mosaicism is still being studied, and decisions about transferring a mosaic embryo require careful discussion with your medical team.
Types of PGT and Their Results
| Type of PGT | What It Screens For | Typical Result Categories |
|---|---|---|
| PGT-A (Aneuploidy) | Correct number of chromosomes | Euploid, aneuploid, mosaic |
| PGT-M (Monogenic) | Specific single-gene disorders (e.g., cystic fibrosis, sickle cell) | Affected, unaffected, carrier (depending on the condition) |
| PGT-SR (Structural Rearrangement) | Chromosomal structural changes (e.g., translocations) | Balanced, unbalanced, normal |
Note: The exact terminology may vary by laboratory. Always ask your clinic for a clear explanation of your specific report.
How to Read Your PGT Report
PGT reports can look technical, but they usually include:
- Embryo identification number
- Biopsy date and testing method
- Chromosome analysis results (for PGT-A)
- Gene analysis results (for PGT-M)
- Interpretation (e.g., euploid, aneuploid, mosaic)
- Recommendations for further testing or counseling
If you see terms like “no result” or “inconclusive,” it means the test did not provide a clear answer. This can happen for technical reasons, and your clinic may suggest re-biopsy or additional testing.
Questions to Ask Your Doctor and Genetic Counselor
Before discussing your results, prepare a list of questions. Here are some to consider:
- What does this result mean for the chance of implantation and live birth?
- Are there any health risks for the child if this embryo is transferred?
- What are the options for further testing, such as confirmatory prenatal testing?
- How does the mosaicism level affect the recommendation?
- Are there alternative embryos to consider?
- What is the cost and timeline for any additional testing?
Your genetic counselor can explain the implications in detail and help you make an informed decision.
Next Steps After Receiving PGT Results
- Schedule a follow-up appointment with your fertility doctor to review the results.
- Request a referral to a genetic counselor if you haven’t already spoken with one.
- Take time to process the information—don’t rush into decisions.
- Discuss your options for embryo transfer, including whether to consider mosaic embryos.
- Ask about the need for prenatal testing if you proceed with a transfer.
Important Limitations of PGT
PGT is a screening tool, not a guarantee. It cannot detect all genetic conditions, and it does not eliminate the risk of miscarriage or birth defects. Also, PGT is not necessary for everyone. Your doctor may recommend it based on your age, family history, or previous pregnancy losses. Always discuss whether PGT is right for you.
Where to Find More Information
For more details about PGT in Thailand, visit our PGT in Thailand page. You can also explore our guides and FAQ sections for additional support.
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between euploid and aneuploid embryos?
A euploid embryo has the correct number of chromosomes (46), while an aneuploid embryo has an abnormal number—either missing or extra chromosomes. Euploid embryos are generally considered more likely to implant and develop, but they are not a guarantee of pregnancy. Aneuploid embryos may fail to implant or lead to miscarriage, but some can result in a live birth, so decisions are made on a case-by-case basis with genetic counseling.
What does a mosaic embryo result mean?
A mosaic embryo has a mix of cells with normal chromosomes and cells with abnormal chromosomes. The level of mosaicism varies. Mosaic embryos may have a lower chance of implantation, but some can develop into healthy babies. The clinical significance is still being studied, so it's important to discuss the specific level and your options with your doctor and genetic counselor.
Can PGT results guarantee a healthy baby?
No. PGT is a screening test that checks for certain genetic conditions, but it cannot detect all disorders or guarantee a healthy baby. Many factors affect pregnancy and child health, including embryo quality, uterine environment, and prenatal care. PGT results are one tool to help you make informed decisions, not a promise of outcome.
What should I do if my PGT result is inconclusive?
If your PGT result is inconclusive, it means the test did not provide a clear answer. This can happen for technical reasons. Your clinic may recommend re-biopsy, additional testing, or a discussion about the risks and benefits of transferring an embryo with an inconclusive result. Always ask your medical team for guidance.
Is PGT mandatory for IVF in Thailand?
No, PGT is not mandatory for all IVF patients. It is an optional test that may be recommended based on factors like maternal age, family history of genetic disorders, or previous miscarriages. Your doctor will discuss whether PGT is appropriate for your situation. You can also ask about the costs and benefits before deciding.
Continue your research
Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.
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