Questions to Ask Before Embryo Biopsy in Thailand

If you are planning IVF with preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) in Thailand, you will likely discuss embryo biopsy with your fertility clinic. This procedure involves removing a few cells from an embryo for genetic analysis. Asking the right questions can help you understand the process, feel more prepared, and make informed decisions. Below is a checklist of questions to guide your conversation with your doctor or embryologist.

At a Glance: Key Questions to Ask

• How many cells are removed, and from which part of the embryo?
• What is the experience of the embryology team?
• How does biopsy affect embryo development and implantation?
• What are the risks and limitations of the procedure?
• How will the results be reported and explained?

Understanding the Biopsy Procedure

Embryo biopsy is typically performed on day 5 or day 6 of embryo development, when the embryo has reached the blastocyst stage. The embryologist removes a small number of cells from the trophectoderm, which will become the placenta. This is done to test the embryo for chromosomal abnormalities or specific genetic conditions.

Ask your clinic to explain the exact steps they follow. For example:

• What type of biopsy do you perform (e.g., trophectoderm biopsy)?
• How many cells are typically removed?
• How long does the biopsy procedure take?
• Is the biopsy performed on all embryos or only those that meet certain criteria?

Embryo Safety and Viability

One of the main concerns is whether biopsy harms the embryo. While studies suggest that trophectoderm biopsy is generally safe, it is important to discuss the potential impact with your clinic. Ask:

• What is your clinic’s experience with embryo biopsy and live birth rates?
• How does biopsy affect the embryo’s chance of implanting?
• Are there any known risks to the embryo or the resulting child?
• How do you ensure the embryo survives the biopsy and freezing process?

Remember that every embryo is unique, and outcomes can vary. Your clinic should provide you with their own data and explain any uncertainties.

Laboratory and Team Expertise

The skill of the embryology team is crucial for a successful biopsy. Ask about their training and experience:

• Who performs the biopsy, and what are their qualifications?
• How many biopsies does the lab perform each year?
• What quality controls are in place to ensure accuracy and safety?
• Is the lab accredited by any international or national body?

You may also want to ask about the genetic testing laboratory that will analyze the samples. Are they separate from the IVF clinic? How are samples handled and transported?

Genetic Testing Options and Accuracy

Embryo biopsy is often done for PGT, which can screen for chromosomal abnormalities (PGT-A) or specific genetic disorders (PGT-M). Understand what is being tested and the limitations:

• What genetic tests will be performed on the biopsied cells?
• What conditions or abnormalities can the test detect?
• What is the accuracy rate of the test? Are there false positives or negatives?
• How long will it take to get results?
• What happens if the results are inconclusive?

Your clinic should explain the difference between screening and diagnosis, and what the results mean for embryo selection.

Costs and What’s Included

Costs for embryo biopsy and genetic testing can vary widely. Ask for a detailed breakdown:

• What is the cost of the biopsy procedure itself?
• Are genetic testing fees separate? How are they calculated (per embryo or per cycle)?
• What is included in the quoted price (e.g., consultation, ultrasound, freezing)?
• Are there any additional costs for embryo freezing or storage?
• What is your policy if no embryos are suitable for transfer?

Make sure you understand the payment schedule and whether any part is refundable.

Legal and Ethical Considerations

Thailand has regulations regarding embryo testing and selection. Ask your clinic about the legal framework:

• What are the legal requirements for embryo biopsy and genetic testing in Thailand?
• Are there any restrictions on which embryos can be tested or transferred?
• How does the clinic handle unused or abnormal embryos?
• What are the ethical guidelines the clinic follows?

Your clinic should provide clear information about your rights and responsibilities.

Next Steps: Your Preparation Checklist

Before your biopsy appointment, consider these steps:

• Write down your questions and bring them to your consultation.
• Ask for written information about the procedure and testing.
• Confirm the timeline for biopsy, testing, and embryo transfer.
• Discuss any concerns about pain, recovery, or medication.
• Understand the emotional and financial implications of the process.

For more general information, visit our guides and patient resources. If you have specific questions, feel free to contact us or check our FAQ.

Frequently asked questions

How many cells are removed during embryo biopsy?

Typically, a small number of cells (usually 5-10) are removed from the trophectoderm, the outer layer of the blastocyst. The exact number depends on the clinic's protocol and the embryo's quality. Ask your clinic for their specific approach.

Does embryo biopsy hurt the embryo?

Embryo biopsy is a delicate procedure performed by experienced embryologists. While there is a small risk of damage, trophectoderm biopsy is generally considered safe. Discuss the clinic's success rates and any concerns with your doctor.

How long does it take to get PGT results after biopsy?

Results typically take several days to a few weeks, depending on the type of genetic testing and the laboratory's workload. Your clinic will provide a specific timeline.

What is the difference between PGT-A and PGT-M?

PGT-A screens embryos for chromosomal abnormalities (aneuploidy), while PGT-M tests for specific single-gene disorders. Your clinic can explain which test is appropriate for your situation.

Continue your research

• PGT and IVF guides
• Patient resources
• Prepare a private case review

Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.