At a glance
Understand the difference between PGT-A (aneuploidy screening) and PGT-M (monogenic disorder testing) for IVF in Thailand, including when each test is recommended and what results mean.
What Is PGT-A?
Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy (PGT-A) screens embryos for an abnormal number of chromosomes (aneuploidy). A normal human embryo should have 46 chromosomes. PGT-A can detect extra or missing chromosomes, such as trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) or monosomy X (Turner syndrome). This test is often recommended for women of advanced maternal age, couples with recurrent miscarriage, or those with repeated IVF failure. PGT-A does not test for specific genetic diseases.
What Is PGT-M?
Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Monogenic Disorders (PGT-M) looks for specific single-gene mutations that cause inherited conditions such as cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease, or Huntington’s disease. It is used when one or both parents carry a known genetic mutation and want to avoid passing it to their child. PGT-M requires a custom test design based on the family’s mutation, which takes time and genetic counseling.
What Is PGT-SR?
PGT-SR (Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Structural Rearrangements) detects chromosomal structural abnormalities like translocations or inversions. It is similar to PGT-A but focuses on rearrangements rather than number changes. Some laboratories combine PGT-A and PGT-SR into a single test.
How Are PGT-A and PGT-M Different?
| Feature | PGT-A | PGT-M |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose | Screen for chromosome number abnormalities | Detect specific single-gene disorders |
| Who needs it | Advanced maternal age, recurrent miscarriage, repeated IVF failure | Couples known to carry a genetic mutation |
| Test development | Standardized, no custom setup | Custom test required per family |
| Results | Euploid (normal), aneuploid, or mosaic | Affected, unaffected carrier, or unaffected non-carrier |
| Limitations | Does not detect all genetic diseases; mosaicism can be uncertain | Cannot screen for chromosome number issues; requires prior genetic knowledge |
When Is Each Test Recommended?
PGT-A is typically offered to women over 35, couples with a history of miscarriage, or those who have had multiple unsuccessful IVF cycles. It can also be used for sex selection in some countries, though regulations vary. PGT-M is recommended when one or both partners have a known genetic condition or are carriers of a recessive disorder. Some couples may choose both PGT-A and PGT-M if they have both age-related risk and a genetic mutation.
How Are PGT-A and PGT-M Performed in Thailand?
Both tests require an IVF cycle to create embryos. On day 5 or 6, a few cells are biopsied from the trophectoderm (future placenta) and sent to a genetics laboratory. In Thailand, many fertility centers offer PGT-A and PGT-M through partnerships with accredited labs. The process is similar to international standards. Patients should confirm the laboratory’s certifications and turnaround times directly with their chosen clinic.
What Do the Results Mean?
For PGT-A, an embryo can be classified as euploid (normal chromosome number), aneuploid (abnormal), or mosaic (a mix of normal and abnormal cells). Only euploid embryos are typically considered for transfer, though mosaic embryos may be used in some cases after counseling. For PGT-M, results indicate whether the embryo carries the mutation, is an unaffected carrier, or is unaffected and non-carrier. Transfer decisions depend on the specific condition and patient preference.
Alternatives and Limitations
PGT-A does not guarantee a healthy baby; it only screens for chromosome number issues. Some embryos with normal PGT-A results may still have other genetic or developmental problems. PGT-M cannot detect chromosome abnormalities, so some couples may opt for both tests. Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) during pregnancy is an alternative for chromosome screening but does not replace PGT. Preimplantation genetic testing is not suitable for all patients; a fertility specialist can help determine the best approach.
Cost Considerations
PGT-A and PGT-M add to the cost of an IVF cycle. In Thailand, prices vary by clinic and the number of embryos tested. PGT-M is generally more expensive due to the custom test design. Patients should request a detailed quotation that includes biopsy, genetic analysis, and any additional storage or shipping fees. Exact prices are not provided here and should be confirmed directly with the clinic.
Choosing a Clinic in Thailand
When selecting a clinic for PGT in Thailand, consider the laboratory’s accreditation, the experience of the genetic team, and the availability of genetic counseling. Some hospitals, such as Bumrungrad International Hospital, offer integrated services with reproductive medicine and prenatal genetics. Dedicated fertility centers like Deep & Harmonicare IVF Center (DHC) provide PGT alongside advanced embryo culture technologies. Always verify current services and pricing directly with the clinic.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can PGT-A and PGT-M be done together?
Yes, some laboratories offer combined testing. This requires a single biopsy and separate analyses for chromosome number and specific gene mutations. Discuss with your clinic whether combined testing is available and appropriate for your situation.
Does PGT guarantee a healthy baby?
No. PGT reduces the risk of transferring embryos with certain genetic abnormalities, but it cannot prevent all birth defects or health issues. It is a screening tool, not a guarantee.
Is PGT legal in Thailand?
PGT is available in Thailand, but regulations may apply. Patients should consult their clinic about legal requirements and any restrictions on embryo testing or sex selection.
How long does PGT take?
PGT-A results are typically available within 1-2 weeks after biopsy. PGT-M may take longer due to custom test design, sometimes 4-6 weeks or more. Plan accordingly with your IVF cycle timeline.
Related Resources
For more information, visit our PGT in Thailand guide, explore our guides, or check the FAQ section.
Frequently asked questions
Can PGT-A and PGT-M be done together?
Yes, some laboratories offer combined testing. This requires a single biopsy and separate analyses for chromosome number and specific gene mutations. Discuss with your clinic whether combined testing is available and appropriate for your situation.
Does PGT guarantee a healthy baby?
No. PGT reduces the risk of transferring embryos with certain genetic abnormalities, but it cannot prevent all birth defects or health issues. It is a screening tool, not a guarantee.
Is PGT legal in Thailand?
PGT is available in Thailand, but regulations may apply. Patients should consult their clinic about legal requirements and any restrictions on embryo testing or sex selection.
How long does PGT take?
PGT-A results are typically available within 1-2 weeks after biopsy. PGT-M may take longer due to custom test design, sometimes 4-6 weeks or more. Plan accordingly with your IVF cycle timeline.
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Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.
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